Les édulcorants influencent-ils la flore intestinale ?

L’Association Internationale des Edulcorants (ISA) réfute fermement les allégations selon lesquelles les édulcorants basses calories pourraient contribuer au développement d’un diabète et/ou de l’obésité : allégations formulées dans l’étude de Suez et al (1).

Il existe un large faisceau de preuves scientifiques qui démontrent clairement que les édulcorants basses calories ne sont pas associés à un risque accru d’obésité et de diabète, tout comme ils n’ont pas d’effet sur l’appétit, le niveau de glucose dans le sang ou le gain de poids. Les références de ces études peuvent être consultées ci-dessous.

Comme le montrent les nombreuses études revues par des pairs (2-8), en apportant la saveur sucrée, mais sans les calories, les édulcorants basses calories peuvent aider à la gestion du poids et peuvent être appréciés par les personnes atteintes de diabète. Ils ont aussi une contribution utile dans une alimentation saine et équilibrée.

Références

(1) Suez et al. Nature http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13793 (2014).

(2) “Substituting LCS options for their regular-calorie versions results in a modest weight loss and may be a useful dietary tool to improve compliance with weight loss or weight maintenance plans.” Low-calorie sweeteners and body weight and composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies, Miller and Perez, Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep;100(3):765-77. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.082826. Epub 2014 Jun 18.

(3) “Low-energy sweeteners do not have any of the adverse effects predicted by in vitro, in situ or knockout studies in animals.” Sweet-taste receptors, low energy sweeteners, glucose absorption and insulin release, Renwick et al., Br J Nutr. 2010 Nov;104(10):1415-20. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510002540. Epub 2010 Jul 12.

(4) “Artificial sweeteners, especially in beverages, can be a useful aid to maintain reduced energy intake and body weight and decrease risk of type-2 diabetes and CVD compared with sugars.” Artificial sweeteners: a place in the field of functional foods? Focus on obesity and related metabolic disorders, Raben et al., Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Nov;15(6):597-604. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328359678a

(5) The ingestion of the low calorie sweeteners aspartame, acesulfame-k, cyclamate and saccharin, have no effect of the level of plasma insulin or on the blood glucose level. The influence of Sweetener Solutions on the Secretion of Insulin and the Blood Glucose Level, Haertel et al., Ernahrungsumschau, 40 (1993) 4, pp.152-155

(6) “Regular consumption of LNCSB [Low/no calorie sweetened beverage] is common in successful weight loss maintainers for various reasons including helping individuals to limit total energy intake.” Low/No calorie sweetened beverage consumption in the national weight control registry, Catenacci et al., Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Jul 10. doi: 10.1002/oby.20834. [Epub ahead of print],

(7) “Ingestion of aspartame- or saccharin-sweetened beverages by fasting subjects, with or without diabetes, did not affect blood glucose homeostasis.” Response to single dose of aspartame or saccharin by NIDDM patients, Horwitz et al., Diabetes Care. 1988 Mar;11(3):230-4.

(8) “Our study does not provide evidence to suggest that a short-term consumption of DBs, compared with water, increases preferences for sweet foods and beverages.” Does diet-beverage intake affect dietary consumption patterns? Results from the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial, Piernas et al., Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Mar;97(3):604-11. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.048405. Epub 2013 Jan 30.